The Australian Society of Anaesthetists (ASA) was founded in 1934 as a voluntary association of members practising anaesthesia throughout Australia. It continues to this day to represent all Australian anaesthetists.

The ASA effectively promotes and protects the status, independence and best interests of Australian anaesthetists with its principal foci being the economic, workforce and professional interests of anaesthetists. This is achieved through negotiations with state and federal health departments and associated medical bodies, the development of policy and the publication of guidelines. The ASA constitution, strategic plan and bylaws describe the goals and objectives of the Society.

The Society, jointly with the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA), provides representatives to Standards Australia, Medical Services Advisory Committee and the Professional Services Review Committee.

The ASA's publications include the international peer reviewed scientific journal, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, the ASA news and the Relative Value Guide. The ASA conducts an annual National Scientific Congress, and in conjunction with ANZCA provides Continuing Medical Education events at individual state and territory levels.

The ASA Annual Reports and Annual Financial Reports summarise the Society's past activities and achievements.